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Diocese of the Greek Ruthenian Rite, suffragan to Gran.
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Ephraem, Saint
Born at Nisibis, then under Roman rule, early in the fourth century; died June, 373.
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Epimachus and Gordianus, Saints
Martyrs, suffered under Julian the Apostate, 362, commemorated on 10 May.
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Exeter, Ancient Diocese of
English see, chosen by Leofric, Bishop of Crediton, as his cathedral city in 1050.
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Est, Willem Hessels van
Famous commentator on the Pauline Epistles. (1542-1613)
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Eusebius of Alexandria
Ecclesiastical writer and author of a number of homilies well known in the sixth and seventh
centuries.
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Eberhard of Ratisbon
A German chronicler about the beginning of the fourteenth century.
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Executor, Apostolic
A cleric who puts into execution a papal rescript, completing what is necessary in order that it be
effective.
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Easter Controversy
The dispute regarding the proper time of observing Easter.
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Eyb, Albrecht von
One of the earliest German humanists, born in 1420 near Anabach in Franconia; died in 1475.
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Eyston, Charles
Antiquary, born 1667; died 5 November, 1721; he was a member of the ancient family of Eyston.
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Eve of a Feast
In the first ages, during the night before every feast, a vigil was kept. In the evening the
faithful assembled in the place or church where the feast was to be celebrated and prepared
themselves by prayers, readings from Holy Writ (now the Offices of Vespers and Matins), and
sometimes also by hearing a sermon.
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Easton, Adam
Cardinal, born at Easton in Norfolk; died at Rome, 15 September (according to others, 20 October),
1397.
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Eusebius Bruno
Bishop of Angers, b. in the early part of the eleventh century; d. at Angers, 29 August, 1081.
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Ezion-geber
A city of Idumea, situated on the northern extremity of the Ælanitic Gulf, now called the Gulf of
Akabah.
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Extension
Philosophical term. From Lat. ex-tendere, to spread out.
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Eanbald I
The first Archbishop of York by that name.
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Ezechias
King of Juda, son and successor of Achaz.
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Eadmer
Precentor of Canterbury and historian.
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Eznik
A writer of the fifth century, born at Golp, in the province of Taikh, a tributary valley of the
Chorokh, in Northern Armenia.
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Eymeric, Nicolas
Theologian and inquisitor, born at Gerona, in Catalonia, Spain, c. 1320; died there 4 January,
1399.
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Ecclesiastical Forum
Ecclesiastical jurisdiction is distinguished into that of the internal and external forum.
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Ebermann, Veit
Theologian and controversialist, born 25 May, 1597, at Rendweisdorff, in Bavaria; died 8 April,
1675.
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Examiners, Synodal
The chief purpose of synodal examiners is to conduct competitive examinations or concursus though
they may be designated to hold of other examinations.
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Exedra
A semicircular stone or marble seat; a rectangular or semicircular recess; the portico of the
Grecian palæstra, or gymnasium, in which disputations of the learned were held among the ancients;
also, in private houses, the parastas, or vestibule, used for conversation.
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Eccleston, Thomas of
Thirteenth-century Friar Minor and chronicler.
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Extravagantes
This word is employed to designate some papal decretals not contained in certain canonical
collections which possess a special authority, i.e. they are not found in the Decree of Gratian or
the three official collections of the "Corpus Juris".
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Ezekiel
Son of Buzi, and was one of the priests who, in the year 598 B.C., had been deported together with
Joachim as prisoners from Jerusalem (IV Kings, xxiv, 12-16; cf. Ezek. xxxiii, 21, xl, 1).
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Evangelist
In the New Testament this word, in its substantive form, occurs only three times: Acts, xxi, 8;
Eph., iv, 11; II Tim., iv, 5. It seems to indicate not so much an order in the early ecclesiastical
hierarchy as a function.
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Echinus
A titular see of Thessaly, Greece.
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Echave, Baltasar de
Painter, born at Zumaya, Guipuzcoa, Spain, in the latter part of the sixteenth century; died in
Mexico about the middle of the seventeenth.
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Ebionites
Name designating one or more early Christian sects.
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Epiphania
A titular see in Cilicia Secunda, in Asia Minor, suffragan of Anazarbus.
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Examiners, Apostolic
So called because appointed by the Apostolic See for service in Rome. In 1570 Pius V instituted the
Apostolic examiners to conduct examinations of candidates for orders and of confessors.
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Erin, The Twelve Apostles of
Twelve holy Irishmen of the sixth century who went to study at the School of Clonard in Meath.
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Erdington Abbey
Situated in a suburb of Birmingham, Warwickshire, England, belongs to the Benedictine congregation
of St. Martin of Beuron, Germany, and is dedicated to St. Thomas of Canterbury.
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Exuperius, Saint
Bishop of Toulouse in the beginning of the fifth century; place and date of birth unascertained;
died after 410.
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Easterwine
Abbot of Wearmouth, nephew of St. Benedict Biscop; born 650, died 7 March, 686.
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Enoch, Book of
The antediluvian patriarch Henoch according to Genesis "walked with God and was seen no more,
because God took him".
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Eymard, Pierre-Julien, Saint
Biographical article on the French priest and founder.
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Eucharistic Prayer
Article divided into four sections: (I) Name and place of the Canon; (II) History of the Canon;
(III) The text and rubrics of the Canon; (IV) Mystical interpretations.
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Ethelbert, Saint
King of Kent. (552-616)
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Ethelbert
Archbishop of York.
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Ecumenism - Union of Christendom
Includes the Catholic Church together with the many other religious communions which have either
directly or indirectly, separated from it.
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Espousals of the Blessed Virgin Mary
A feast of the Latin Church.
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Eanbald II
Date of birth unknown; died 810 or 812.
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Ethethard
The fourteenth Archbishop of Canterbury, England, date of birth unknown; died 12 May, 805.
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Eucherius, Saint
First Bishop of Trier (Treves) in the second half of the third century.
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Euchologion
The name of one of the chief Service books of the Byzantine Church. It corresponds more or less to
the Missal and Ritual.
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Eudists
An ecclesiastical society instituted at Caen, France, 25 March, 1643, by the Venerable Jean Eudes.
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Eli
Heli was both judge and high-priest, whose history is related in I Kings.
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Eyre, Thomas
First president of Ushaw College; born at Glossop, Derbyshire; in 1748; died at Ushaw, 8 May, 1810.
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Ecstasy
Offers details of false views.
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Easter
Includes information on the feast and customs.
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Ecclesiastical Architecture
All ecclesiastical architecture may be said to have been evolved from two distinct germ-cells, the
oblong and the circular chamber.
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Eyck, Hubert and Jan van
Brothers, Flemish illuminators and painters, founders of the school of Bruges and consequently of
all the schools of painting in the North of Europe.
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Echard, Jacques
Historian of the Dominicans, born at Rouen, France, 22 September, 1644; died at Paris, 15 March,
1724.
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Edward III
King of England (1312-77).
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Eulogia
The term has been applied in ecclesiastical usage to the object blessed. It was occasionally used
in early times to signify the Holy Eucharist, and in this sense is especially frequent in the
writings of St. Cyril of Alexandria.
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Euphemius of Constantinople
Succeeded as patriarch Flavitas (or Fravitas, 489-490), who succeeded Acacius (471-489).
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Edmund Campion, Saint
English Jesuit and martyr.
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Evolution, Catholics and
Discussed under the headings: (1) Scientific Hypothesis vs. Philosophical Speculation; (2) Theistic
vs. Atheistic Theories of Evolution; (3) The Theory of Evolution vs. Darwinism; and (4) Human
Evolution vs. Plant and Animal Evolution.
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Egoism
The designation given to those ethical systems which hold self-love to be the source of all
rational action and the determinant of moral conduct.
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Eginhard
Historian, born c. 770 in the district watered by the River Main in the eastern part of the
Frankish Empire; d. 14 March, 840, at Seligenstadt.
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Ezzo
A priest of Bamberg in the eleventh century, author of a famous poem known as the "Song of the
Miracles of Christ".
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Eckart, Anselm
Missionary, born at Bingen, Germany, 4 August, 1721; died at the College of Polstok, Polish Russia,
29 June, 1809.
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Eleutheropolis
A titular see in Palaestina Prima.
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Estiennot de la Serre, Claude
Benedictine. (1639-1699)
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Elishé
Armenian historian of the fifth century, place and date of birth unknown, d. 480.
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El Cid
Popular hero of the chivalrous age of Spain, born at Burgos c. 1040; died at Valencia, 1099. He was
given the title of seid or cid (lord, chief) by the Moors and that of campeador (champion) by his
admiring countrymen.
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Ecclesiastical Art
Article explores the origin, history, and types.
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English Confessors and Martyrs (1534-1729)
Since this article, some of the causes for canonization have been successful, and others have
progressed from "venerable" to "blessed."
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Eusebius, Saint
Bishop of Samosata.
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Eusebius, Saint
Roman priest.
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Elias
Old Testament prophet.
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Eliseus
A Prophet of Israel.
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Eusebius, Saint, Pope
Reigned A.D. 309 or 310.
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Eusebius of Cæsarea
Eusebius Pamphili, Bishop of Cæsarea in Palestine, the "Father of Church History"; b.
about 260; d. before 341.
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Eustace, John Chetwode
Antiquary, b. in Ireland, c. 1762; d. at Naples, Italy, 1 Aug., 1815.
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Eguiara y Eguren, Juan José
Mexican scholar. (d. 1763)
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Expeditors, Apostolic
Officials who attend to the sending of Bulls, Briefs, and Rescripts, that emanate from the
Apostolic Chancery, the Dataria, the Sacred Paenitentiaria, and the Secretariate of Briefs.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05712c.htm
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Edmund the Martyr, Saint
King of East Anglia, born about 840; died at Hoxne, Suffolk, 20 November, 870.
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Episcopalians
The history of this religious organization is divide into two portions: the period of its
dependence upon the Church of England and that of its separate existence with a hierarchy of its
own.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12493a.htm
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Eustachius, Bartolomeo
A distinguished anatomist of the Renaissance period.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05626d.htm
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Euthalius
A deacon of Alexandria and later Bishop of Sulca.
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Eutropius of Valencia
Spanish bishop; d. about 610.
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Evesham Abbey
Founded by St. Egwin, third Bishop of Worcester, about 701, in Worcestershire, England, and
dedicated to the Blessed Virgin.
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Eckhel, Joseph Hilarius
German numismatist. (1737-1798)
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Ephesus, Seven Sleepers of
One of the many examples of the legend about a man who falls asleep and years after wakes up to
find the world changed.
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Epiphanius
A translator of various Greek works in the middle of the sixth century of the Christian Era.
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Ecclesiastes
The name given to the book of Holy Scripture which usually follows the Proverbs; the Hebrew
Qoheleth probably has the same meaning.
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Ercilla y Zúñiga, Alonso de
Spanish soldier and poet, born in Madrid, 7 August, 1533; died in the same city, 29 November, 1594.
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Elcesaites
A sect of Gnostic Ebionites.
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Eckebert
Abbot of Schönau, born in the early part of the twelfth century.
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Elect
Denotes in general one chosen or taken by preference from among two or more; as a theological term
it is equivalent to "chosen as the object of mercy or Divine favour, as set apart for eternal
life".
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Epiphanius of Constantinople
Succeeded John II (518-20) as Patriarch of Constantinople.
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Epiphanius of Salamis
Born at Besanduk, near Eleutheropolis, in Judea, after 310; died in 403. While very young he
followed the monastic life in Egypt. On his return founded a monastery at Besanduk and was ordained
to the priesthood.
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Embolism
An insertion, addition, interpretation. The word has two specific uses in the language of the
Church; in the prayer and in the calendar.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05399c.htm
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Elohim
The common name for God.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05393a.htm
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Ecclesiastical Archives
A collection of documents, records, and memorials, pertaining to the origin, foundation, growth,
history, and constitutions of a diocese, parish, monastery, or religious community under the
jurisdiction of the Church.
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Ecclesiastical Buildings
This term comprehends all constructions erected for the celebration of liturgical acts, whatever be
the name given to them, church, chapel, oratory, and basilica.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03041a.htm
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Ember Days
The days at the beginning of the seasons ordered by the Church as days of fast and abstinence.
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Edmund Arrowsmith, Saint
English martyr, born in 1585 at Haddock; executed at Lancaster, 23 August, 1628.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05293b.htm
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Eusebius, Chronicle of
Consists of two parts: the first was probably called by Eusebius the "Chronograph" or
"Chronographies"; the second he terms the "Canon", or "Canons", and
also the "Chronological Canons".
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Empiricism
Primarily, and in its psychological application, the term signifies the theory that the phenomena
of consciousness are simply the product of sensuous experience, i.e. of sensations variously
associated and arranged.
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Encratites
Literally, "abstainers" or "persons who practised continency", because they
refrained from the use of wine, animal food, and marriage.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05412c.htm
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Emanationism
The doctrine that emanation (Lat. emanare, "to flow from") is the mode by which all
things are derived from the First Reality, or Principle.
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Emancipation, Ecclesiastical
In ancient Rome emancipation was a process of law by which a slave released from the control of his
master, or a son liberated from the authority of his father (patria potestas), was declared legally
independent. The earliest ecclesiastical employment of this process was in the freeing of slaves.
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Education
In the broadest sense, education includes all those experiences by which intelligence is developed,
knowledge acquired, and character formed. In a narrower sense, it is the work done by certain
agencies and institutions, the home and the school, for the express purpose of training immature
minds.
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Evolution, History and Scientific Foundation of
History, definition, and various arguments.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05655a.htm
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Eleazar
Includes information on three uses of this name.
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East Indies, Patriarchate of the
In consequence of an agreement between the Holy See and the Portuguese Government in 1886.
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Eucharist, Introduction to the
The name given to the Blessed Sacrament of the Altar its twofold aspect of sacrament and Sacrifice
of Mass, and in which Jesus Christ is truly present under the bread and wine.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05572c.htm
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Egan, Boetius
Archbishop of Tuam, born near Tuam, Ireland, 1734; died near Tuam, 1798.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05324b.htm
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Edmund, Congregation of Saint
Founded in 1843, by Jean-Baptiste Muard, at Pontigny, France, for the work of popular missions.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05293a.htm
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English Hierarchy, Reorganization of the
On 29 September, 1850, by the Bull "Universalis Ecclesiae", Pius IX restored the Catholic
hierarchy in England which had become extinct with the death of the last Marian bishop in the reign
of Elizabeth. Westminster became the metropolitan see and its occupant the lawful successor of the
Catholic archbishops of Canterbury.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16037d.htm
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Extension Society, The Catholic Church
The first active agitation for a church extension or home mission society for the Catholic Church
in North America was begun in 1904 by an article of the present writer, published in the
"American Ecclesiastical Review" (Philadelphia).
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14078a.htm
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Elias of Jerusalem
Died 518; one of the two Catholic bishops (with Flavian of Antioch) who resisted the attempt of the
Emperor Anastasius I (491-518) to abolish the Council of Chalcedon (451).
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05385a.htm
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Eycken, Jean Baptiste van
Painter, born at Brussels, Belgium, 16 September, 1809; died at Schaerbeek, 19 December, 1853.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05735a.htm
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Emesa
A titular see of PhÂœnicia Secunda, suffragan of Damascus, and the seat of two Uniat archdioceses,
Greek Melchite and Syrian.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05402a.htm
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Eve
First woman; wife of Adam.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05646b.htm
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Eclecticism
A philosophical term meaning either a tendency of mind in a thinker to conciliate the different
views or positions taken in regard to problems, or a system in philosophy which seeks the solution
of its fundamental problems by selecting and uniting what it regards as true in the various
philosophical schools.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05276a.htm
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Elevation, The
The Elevation of the Mass is a rite of comparatively recent introduction.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05380b.htm
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Education of the Blind
Includes statistics and history.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05306a.htm
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England, John
First Bishop of Charleston, S.C. (1786-1842)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05470a.htm
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Enoch
The name of the son of Cain (Gen., iv, 17, 18), of a nephew of Abraham (Gen., xxv, 4), of the
first-born of Ruben (Gen., xlvi, 9), and of the son of Jared and the father of Mathusala (Gen., v.
18 sq.).
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07218a.htm
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Engaddi
The name of a warm spring near the center of the west shore of the Dead Sea, and also of a town
situated in the same place.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05428a.htm
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English Revolution of 1688
The history of the Revolution resolves itself into a catalogue of various ill-judged measures which
alienated the support of the Established Church, the Tory party, and the nation as a whole.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13007b.htm
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Egyptian Church Ordinance
An early Christian collection of thirty-one canons regulating ordinations, the liturgy, and other
main features of church life.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05363a.htm
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Eparchy
Originally the name of one of the divisions of the Roman Empire.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05484a.htm
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Ecumenical Councils
Councils are legally convened assemblies of ecclesiastical dignitaries and theological experts for
the purpose of discussing and regulating matters of church doctrine and discipline.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04423f.htm
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Epée, Charles-Michel de l'
A philanthropic priest and inventor of the sign alphabet for the instruction of the deaf and dumb;
was b. at Versailles, 25 November, 1712; d. at Paris, 23 December, 1789.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05484b.htm
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Epact
The surplus days of the solar over the lunar year; hence, more freely, the number of days in the
age of the moon on 1 January of any given year. The whole system of epacts is based on the Metonic
Lunar Cycle, and serves to indicate the days of the year on which the new moons occur.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05480b.htm
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Edward Jones, Blessed
(Catholic Encyclopedia)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08500a.htm
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Ephesus, Robber Council of
The Acts of the first session of this synod were read at the Council of Chalcedon, 451, and have
thus been preserved. The remainder of the Acts are known only through a Syriac translation by a
Monophysite monk, published from the British Museum MS. Addit. 14,530, written in the year 535.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05495a.htm
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English Literature
Latin, French, Italian, Greek, and Spanish literatures are a few of the influences.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05458a.htm
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Encyclopedia
An abridgment of human knowledge in general or a considerable department thereof, treated from a
uniform point of view or in a systematized summary.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05414a.htm
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Endowment
A property, fund, or revenue permanently appropriated for the support of any person, institution,
or object, as a student, professorship, school, hospital.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05421b.htm
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Edward the Confessor, Saint
King of England, born in 1003; died 5 January, 1066.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05322a.htm
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Emmanuel
Signifies "God with us" (Matthew 1:23), and is the name of the child predicted in Isaias
7:14: "Behold a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and his name shall be called
Emmanuel".
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05404a.htm
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Epicureanism
In its popular sense, the word stands for a refined and calculating selfishness, seeking not power
or fame, but the pleasures of sense, particularly of the palate, and those in company rather than
solitude.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05500b.htm
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Elizabeth Associations
Charitable associations of women in Germany which aim for the love of Christ to minister to the
bodily and spiritual sufferings of the sick poor and of neglected children.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05388b.htm
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Edward the Martyr, Saint
King of England, son to Edgar the Peaceful, and uncle to St. Edward the Confessor; b. about 962; d.
18 March, 979.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05323a.htm
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Edward Stransham, Blessed
(Catholic Encyclopedia)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14313b.htm
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Etschmiadzin
An Armenian monastery, since 1441 the ecclesiastical capital of the schismatic Armenians, and seat
of their patriarch or catholicos, whom the greater part of the Non-Uniat Armenian Church
acknowledge as their head.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05571a.htm
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Epistemology
That branch of philosophy which is concerned with the value of human knowledge.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05506a.htm
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Enthronization
From Greek 'enthronÃzein, to place on a throne.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05479c.htm
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Ephesus, Council of
The third ecumenical council, held in 431.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05491a.htm
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Emmeram, Saint, Abbey of
A Benedictine monastery at Ratisbon (Regensburg), named after its traditional founder, the patron
saint of the city.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05406a.htm
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Elizabeth, Sisters of Saint
From an association established by Dorothea Klara Wolff, in connection with the sisters, Mathilde
and Maria Merkert, and Franziska Werner, 1842, in Nelsse (Prussia), to tend in their own homes,
without compensation, helpless sick persons who could not or would not be received into the
hospitals.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05388a.htm
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Exmew, Blessed William
Carthusian monk and martyr. (d. 1535)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15630c.htm
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Erasmus, Desiderius
German humanist, b. at Rotterdam, Holland, 28 October, probably in 1466; d. at Basle, Switzerland,
12 July, 1536.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05510b.htm
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Endlicher, Stephan Ladislaus
Austrian botanist, linguist, and historian, b. at Pressburg, Hungary, 24 June, 1804; d. at Vienna,
28 March, 1849.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05421a.htm
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England (Before the Reformation)
This term England is here restricted to one constituent, the largest and most populous, of the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05431b.htm
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Ephod
a kind of garment, which differed according to its use by the high-priest, by other persons present
at religious services, or as the object of idolatrous worship.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05497a.htm
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Edwy
King of the English, eldest son of Edmund and St. Aelfgifu, born about 940; died 959.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05324a.htm
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Entablature
A superstructure which lies horizontally upon the columns in classic architecture.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05479b.htm
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Ephraemi Rescriptus, Codex
The last in the group of the four great uncial manuscripts of the Greek Bible, received its name
from the treatises of St. Ephraem the Syrian (translated into Greek) which were written over the
original text.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04084a.htm
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Esau
The eldest son of Isaac and Rebecca, the twin-brother of Jacob.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05527c.htm
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Exposition of the Blessed Sacrament
A manner of honouring the Holy Eucharist, by exposing it, with proper solemnity, to the view of the
faithful in order that they may pay their devotions before it.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05713a.htm
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Ecclesiasticus
The longest of the deuterocanonical books of the Bible, and the last of the Sapiential writings in
the Vulgate of the Old Testament.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05263a.htm
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Ephraim of Antioch
One of the defenders of the Faith of Chalcedon (451) against the Monophysites, b. at Amida in
Mesopotamia; d. in 545.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05500a.htm
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Eastern Churches
Eastern Churches depended originally on the Eastern Empire at Constantinople.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05230a.htm
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Erdeswicke, Sampson
Antiquarian, date of birth unknown; died 1603.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05517b.htm
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Epiklesis
The name of a prayer that occurs in all Eastern liturgies (and originally in Western liturgies
also) after the words of Institution, in which the celebrant prays that God may send down His Holy
Spirit to change this bread and wine into the Body and Blood of His Son.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05502a.htm
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Edwin, Saint
The first Christian King of Northumbria, born about 585.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05323b.htm
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Establishment, The
The union of Church and State setting up a definite and distinctive relation between the two is
frequently expressed in English by the use of the word "establishment".
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05548a.htm
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Esglis, Louis-Philippe Mariauchau d'
Eighth Bishop of Quebec, Canada; born Quebec, 24 April, 1710; died 7 June, 1788.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05538a.htm
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Ephesus
A titular archiespiscopal see in Asia Minor, said to have been founded in the eleventh century B.C.
by Androcles, son of the Athenian King Codrus, with the aid of Ionian colonists.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05490a.htm
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Erastus and Erastianism
The name "Erastianism" is often used in a somewhat loose sense as denoting an undue
subservience of the Church to the State.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05514a.htm
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Espence, Claude D'
French theologian, born in 1511 at Châlons-sur-Marne; died 5 Oct., 1571, at Paris.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05542a.htm
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Emmaus
A titular see in Pa1æstina Prima, suffragan of Cæsarea.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05405a.htm
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English College, The, in Rome
Information on its foundation, scholastic status, and students.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05472b.htm
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Epiphany
The feast was called among the Syrians denho (up-going), a name to be connected with the notion of
rising light expressed in Luke. I, 78.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05504c.htm
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Edward Olcorne, Blessed
(Catholic Encyclopedia)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11237a.htm
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Eustace White, Saint
(Catholic Encyclopedia)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15611b.htm
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Edward Waterson, Blessed
(Catholic Encyclopedia)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15566a.htm
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Esther
Queen of Persia and wife of Assuerus, who is identified with Xerxes (485-465 B.C.).
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05549a.htm
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Elhuyar y de Suvisa, Fausto de
Mineralogist and chemist. (1755-1833)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05381a.htm
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Ephesians, Epistle to the
The letter which, in the manuscripts containing the Epistles of St. Paul, bears the title "To
the Ephesians" comprises two parts distinctly separated by a doxology (Eph., iii, 20 sq.).
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05485a.htm
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Eckhart, Meister
Dominican preacher, theologian and mystic, born about 1260 at Hochheim, near Gotha; died in 1327 at
Cologne.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05274a.htm
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England (After 1558)
The Protestant Reformation is the great dividing line in the history of England, as of Europe
generally.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05445a.htm
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Educational Association, The Catholic
A voluntary organization composed of Catholic educators and other persons who have an interest in
the welfare of Catholic education in the United States.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05305a.htm
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Eccleston, Samuel
Fifth Archbishop of Baltimore, U.S.A. (1801-1851)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05269a.htm
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Egypt
Provides information on history, religion, and literature.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05329b.htm
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Egan, Michael
First bishop of Philadelphia, U.S.A., b. in Ireland, most probably in Galway, in 1761; d. at
Philadelphia, 22 July, 1814.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05324c.htm
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Emmerich, Anne Catherine
An Augustinian nun, stigmatic, and ecstatic, born 8 September, 1774, at Flamsche, near Coesfeld, in
the Diocese of Munster, Westphalia, Germany; died at Dulmen, 9 February, 1824.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05406b.htm
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Expectative
An expectative, or an expectative grace, is the anticipatory grant of an ecclesiastical benefice,
not vacant at the moment but which will become so, regularly, on the death of its present
incumbent.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05712b.htm
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Eucharist, as a Sacrifice
The word Mass (missa) first established itself as the general designation for the Eucharistic
Sacrifice in the West after the time of Pope Gregory the Great, the early Church having used the
expression the "breaking of bread" (fractio panis) or "liturgy".
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10006a.htm
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Exegesis, Biblical
The branch of theology which investigates and expresses the true sense of Sacred Scripture.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05692b.htm
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Essenes
One of three leading Jewish sects mentioned by Josephus as flourishing in the second century B.C.,
the others being the Pharisees and the Sadducees.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05546a.htm
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Eternity
Eternity is defined by Boetius (De Consol. Phil., V, vi) as "possession, without succession
and perfect, of interminable life".
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05551b.htm
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Eudoxias
A titular see of Galatia Secunda in Asia Minor, suffragan of Pessinus.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05597b.htm
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Encyclical
According to its etymology, an encyclical is nothing more than a circular letter. In modern times,
usage has confined the term almost exclusively to certain papal documents which differ in their
technical form from the ordinary style of either Bulls or Briefs, and which in their superscription
are explicitly addressed to the patriarchs, primates, archbishops, and bishops of the Universal
Church in communion with the Apostolic See.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05413a.htm
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Eucharist, as a Sacrament
Since Christ is present under the appearances of bread and wine in a sacramental way, the Blessed
Eucharist is unquestionably a sacrament of the Church.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05584a.htm
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Energy, The Law of Conservation of
Includes the history and philosophy.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05422a.htm
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Elie de Beaumont, Jean-Baptiste-Armand-Louis-Léonce
Geologist, b. at Canon (Dép. Calvados), near Caen, France, 25 Sept., 1798; d. at Canon, 21 Sept.,
1874.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05385b.htm
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Eschatology
That branch of systematic theology which deals with the doctrines of the last things (ta eschata).
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05528b.htm
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Eudocia
Ælia Eudocia, sometimes wrongly called Eudoxia, was the wife of Theodosius II; died c. 460. Her original name was Athenais, and she was the daughter of Leontius, one of the last pagans who taught
rhetoric at Athens.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05597a.htm
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Expectation of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Celebrated on 18 December by nearly the entire Latin Church. Owing to the ancient law of the Church
prohibiting the celebration of feasts during Lent (a law still in vigour at Milan), the Spanish
Church transferred the feast of the Annunciation from 25 March to the season of Advent, the Tenth
Council of Toledo (656) assigning it definitely to 18 December.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05712a.htm
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Eucharist, Real Presence of Christ in
Article considers: the fact of the Real Presence; the several allied dogmas grouped about it; and
the speculations of reason, so far as speculative investigation regarding the august mystery under
its various aspects is permissible, and so far as it is desirable to illumine it by the light of
philosophy.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05573a.htm
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Ernakulam, Vicariate Apostolic of
In May, 1887, the churches of Syrian Rite in Malabar were separated from those of the Latin Rite
and formed into the Vicariates of Trichur and Kottayam under European prelates. In response,
however, to the petitions of the Syrian Catholics desirous of obtaining bishops of their own race
and rite, Leo XIII by his brief "Quae Rei Sacrae" (28 July, 1896) divided the territory
anew into three vicariates: Trichur, Changanacherry, and Ernakulam.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16038a.htm
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Excardination and Incardination
In the ecclesiastical sense the words are used to denote that a given person is freed from the
jurisdiction of one bishop and is transferred to that of another.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07704a.htm
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Epistle (in Scripture)
The Old Testament exhibits two periods in its idea of an epistle: first, it presents the epistle
under the general concept of a book or a writing; secondly, it regards the epistle as a distinct
literary form. The New Testament presents a very highly developed form of an epistle.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05509a.htm
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Epping, Joseph
German astronomer and Assyriologist, b. at Neuenkirchen near Rhine in Westphalia, 1 Dec., 1835; d.
at Exaeten, Holland, 22 Aug., 1894.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05510a.htm
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Editions of the Bible
Includes Hebrew and Greek editions.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05286a.htm
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Echternach, Abbey of
A Benedictine monastery in the town of that name, in the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg and the Diocese
of Trier.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05270d.htm
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Eithne, Saint
Commemorated in the Irish martyrologies under the 11th of January.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05369b.htm
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Evangelical Counsels
The difference between a precept and a counsel lies in this, that the precept is a matter of
necessity while the counsel is left to the free choice of the person to whom it is proposed.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04435a.htm
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Eucharist, Early Symbols of the
The earliest and always the favourite symbol of the Eucharist in the monuments was that inspired by
the miracle of the multiplication of the loaves and fishes; the banquet of the seven Disciples
appears only in one (second-century) catacomb scene; the miracle of Cana in two, one of which is of
the early third, the other of the fourth, century.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05590a.htm
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Espinel, Vincent
Poet and novelist; born at Ronda (Malaga), Spain, 1544; died at Madrid, 1634.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05542b.htm
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Escobar y Mendoza, Antonio
Preacher and writer, born at Valladolid in 1589; died there, 4 July, 1669.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05534b.htm
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Examination of Conscience
By this term is understood a review of one's past thoughts, words and actions for the purpose of
ascertaining their conformity with, or difformity from, the moral law.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05675a.htm
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Eugenius I
Archbishop of Toledo, successor in 636 of Justus in that see; d. 647.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05602a.htm
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Evangelical Alliance, The
An association of Protestants belonging to various denominations founded in 1846.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05641a.htm
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Eugenics, The Church and
Eugenics literally means "good breeding". It is defined as the study of agencies under
social control that may improve or impair the racial qualities of future generations either
physically or mentally.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16038b.htm
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Eugenius II (the Younger)
Archbishop of Toledo from 647 to 13 Nov., 657, the date of his death.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05602b.htm
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Eusebius of Laodicea
An Alexandrian deacon who had some fame as a confessor and became bishop of Laodicea in Syria, date
of birth uncertain: d. about 268.
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Euthanasia
From Greek eu, well, and thanatos, death, easy, painless death.
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Exclusion, Right of
The alleged competence of the more important Catholic countries, Austria, France, and Spain, to
indicate to their respective cardinal protector, or cardinal procurator, those members of the
Sacred College who were personæ minus gratæ, so that, if there was a possibility of one of these
becoming pope, the authorized cardinal might, before the decisive ballot, give his veto, in the
name of his government, against such election.
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Espinosa, Alonso De
Spanish priest and historian of the sixteenth century.
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Examination
A process prescribed or assigned for testing qualification; an investigation, inquiry.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05673a.htm
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Esdras
Priest and scribe connected with Israel's restoration after the Exile.
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Eunomianism
A phase of extreme Arianism prevalent amongst a section of Eastern churchmen from about 350 until
381; as a sect it is not heard of after the middle of the fifth century.
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Europus
A titular see in Provincis Euphratensis, suffragan of Hierapolis.
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Eustace, Maurice
Eldest son of Sir John Eustace, Castlemartin, County Kildars, Ireland, martyred for the Faith, Nov.
1581.
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Exul Hibernicus
The name given to an Irish stranger on the Continent of Europe in the time of Charles the Great,
who wrote poems in Latin, several of which are addressed to the emperor.
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Evin, Saint
Also known as Saint Abban of New Ross, Abhan, or Ewin.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01007a.htm
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Ekkehard
Name of five monks of the (Swiss) Abbey of St. Gall from the tenth to the thirteenth century.
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Extreme Unction
A sacrament to give spiritual aid and comfort and perfect spiritual health, including, if need be,
the remission of sins, and also, conditionally, to restore bodily health, to Christians who are
seriously ill.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05716a.htm
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Ex Cathedra
Literally "from the chair", a theological term which signifies authoritative teaching and
is more particularly applied to the definitions given by the Roman pontiff.
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Excommunication
Exclusion from the communion, the principal and severest censure, is a medicinal, spiritual penalty
that deprives the guilty Christian of all participation in the common blessings of ecclesiastical
society.
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Elbel, Benjamin
Bavarian moral theologian. (1690-1756)
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Exequatur
A faculty which civil rulers impart to a Bull, papal Brief, or other ecclesiastical enactment in
order to give it binding force in their respective territories.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05707a.htm
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Ethics
Many writers regard ethics as any scientific treatment of the moral order and divide it into
theological, or Christian, ethics (moral theology) and philosophical ethics (moral philosophy).
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05556a.htm
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Exemption
The whole or partial release of an ecclesiastical person, corporation, or institution from the
authority of the ecclesiastical superior next higher in rank, and the placing of the person or body
thus released under the control of the authority next above the former superior, or under a still
higher one, or under the highest authority of all, the pope.
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Espousals
A contract of future marriage between a man and a woman, who are thereby affianced.
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Exorcist
(1) In general, any one who exorcises or professes to exorcise demons (cf. Acts 19:13); (2) in
particular, one ordained by a bishop for this office, ordination to which is the second of the four
minor orders of the Western Church.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05711a.htm
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Exorcism
Exorcism is (1) the act of driving out, or warding off, demons, or evil spirits, from persons,
places, or things, which are believed to be possessed or infested by them, or are liable to become
victims or instruments of their malice; (2) the means employed for this purpose, especially the
solemn and authoritative adjuration of the demon, in the name of God, or any of the higher power in
which he is subject.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05709a.htm
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Exarch
A title used in various senses both civilly and ecclesiastically.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05676b.htm
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Eutyches
An heresiarch of the fifth century.
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Exultet
The hymn in praise of the paschal candle sung by the deacon, in the liturgy of Holy Saturday.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05730b.htm
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Evodius
The first Bishop of Antioch after St. Peter.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05653a.htm
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Error
Reduplicatively regarded, is in one way or another the product of ignorance. But besides the lack
of information which it implies, it adds the positive element of a mental judgment, by which
something false is held to be true, or something true avouched to be false.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05525a.htm
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Evil
In a large sense, described as the sum of the opposition, which experience shows to exist in the
universe, to the desires and needs of individuals; whence arises, among humans beings at least, the
sufferings in which life abounds.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05649a.htm
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Eichendorff, Josef Karl Benedikt
Poet. (1788-1857)
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Emigrant Aid Societies
Details of several organizations, the earliest being the Charitable Irish Society of Boston, |
